Thelesperma filifolium has a long flowering period, from spring into the fall, and it inhabits a wide variety of habitats, from coastal regions of Texas to mountainous areas over 7,000 feet. Along with
thelesperma megapotamicum it is the most widespread species of this genus in the US, found in 15 states. The divided, lobed leaves produced along the lower two thirds of the stem are closely-spaced; separated by half an inch or more.
Flowerheads have 8 broad yellow ray florets, up to 0.8 inches long, around a center of several dozen disc florets, usually reddish brown, less often yellow with brown veins. The phyllaries are fused to most of their length, and sit above a ring of 7 to 8 bractlets, which are linear or narrowly triangular in shape, and relatively long, up to a third of an inch, generally angled upwards, often touching the underside of the ray florets.